For emergency disinfection of small volumes of water, which liquid form of chlorine is typically used?

Sodium hypochlorite is the preferred liquid form of chlorine used for emergency disinfection of small volumes of water primarily due to its effectiveness, ease of use, and availability. This compound is commonly found in household bleach, which makes it accessible for emergency situations where safe drinking water is needed quickly. When sodium hypochlorite is diluted in water, it produces free chlorine, which is a powerful disinfectant effective against a wide range of pathogens including bacteria, viruses, and pathogens responsible for waterborne diseases.

Additionally, sodium hypochlorite can be readily stored and is stable for a reasonable duration, making it a practical option when rapid disinfection is necessary. It is also relatively easy to measure and apply, allowing for precise dosage depending on the volume of water needing treatment. Overall, its efficiency, safety, and accessibility make sodium hypochlorite the standard choice for emergency water disinfection.