What is a primary concern when it comes to nitrates in drinking water for infants?

The primary concern with nitrates in drinking water for infants is methemoglobinemia, often referred to as "blue baby syndrome." This condition occurs when the hemoglobin in the blood is altered in such a way that it is unable to effectively transport oxygen. High levels of nitrates can convert hemoglobin into methemoglobin, which leads to a decreased ability to carry oxygen throughout the body. This is especially dangerous for infants, as their bodies are still developing and they are more susceptible to changes in oxygen levels.

Exposure to high levels of nitrates in drinking water is a significant health risk for young children, and addressing this contaminant is vital in protecting their health. While other concerns, such as kidney disease, infection susceptibility, and growth retardation, are important, the immediate and severe risk of methemoglobinemia presents a critical issue that requires attention, particularly in infants who are more vulnerable to this condition.