Which chemical is the most widely used to destroy microorganisms?

Chlorine is identified as the most widely used chemical for destroying microorganisms primarily due to its effectiveness in killing a broad range of pathogens, including bacteria, viruses, and protozoa. Its use in both drinking water treatment and wastewater management showcases its capability to disinfect water supplies, making it safe for public consumption. Chlorine is quick-acting and can be used in various forms, such as gas, liquid, or solid, which adds to its versatility in different environments.

Moreover, chlorination processes can be easily monitored and controlled, allowing for consistent levels of disinfection. This chemical has a long history of application in public health, substantially reducing the incidence of waterborne diseases. Due to these attributes, chlorine remains a cornerstone in sanitation practices, whether in municipal water treatment facilities or in household settings for disinfecting surfaces and ensuring hygiene.